batch_1776727774 20260421022934000 National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Institute of Encyclopedic Research esu@esu.com.ua National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Institute of Encyclopedic Research Entsyklopedychnyi visnyk Ukrainy [The Encyclopedia Herald of Ukraine] Entsykl. visn. Ukr. 2706-9990 2707-000X 2022 14 Victor Zhovtyansky Institute of Gas, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9532-423X This is a study of the historical destiny of many former towns of right-bank (along the Dnipro) Ukraine on the example of the ancient Volyn princely town Olyka. The study is based on the analysis of encyclopedic texts over four centuries. It is shown that after the partition of Poland and the arrival of the Russian Empire in this territory, most of them lost such town-forming elements as fortresses and castles, palaces, religious buildings, etc. This tendency intensified especially after the establishment of Soviet power in these lands. Therefore, many of them gradually turned into small towns and then villages. A certain exception is Western Ukraine, where there was no active destruction of monuments in the interwar period. Therefore, here, in contrast to Central Ukraine, there is still a “Western Ukrainian Golden Meridian of Monuments” from Chernivtsi to Olyka and Lutsk. As in the former Ukrainian SSR no special attention was paid to its historical past, until recently the history of former towns could be read mainly in Polish and Russian-language editions of previous centuries. Their ancient history is most often associated with the names of the owners, as – on the example of the Volyn region in the middle of the 17 century – out of the total number of towns 125 were private 111. Regardless of the personalities of these owners, the population of cities carried through the centuries the Ukrainian language, rituals, culture in general. 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