batch_1778673097 20260513145137000 National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Institute of Encyclopedic Research esu@esu.com.ua National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Institute of Encyclopedic Research Entsyklopedychnyi visnyk Ukrainy [The Encyclopedia Herald of Ukraine] Entsykl. visn. Ukr. 2706-9990 2707-000X 2025 17 Roman Plyatsko Shevchenko Scientific Society (Lviv, Ukraine); Pidstryhach Institute for Applied Problems of Mechanics and Mathematics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (Lviv, Ukraine) https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3081-2774 The article surveys encyclopedic publications that contain entries on Ivan Puluj (1845–1918), from the earliest references in 1898 to the present day. Special attention is given to the wide-ranging and interdisciplinary character of Puluj’s activity, which earned him international recognition. As a physicist, he is regarded among the most notable scientific figures of the late nineteenth century: his fundamental studies of cathode rays paved the way for the discovery of the electron and contributed to the emergence of X-ray science and early medical radiography. Puluj’s achievements in practical electrical engineering and invention are today represented in museums of science and technology across Europe and the United States. In the humanities, he is known as a translator of the Bible from classical languages into Ukrainian and as an advocate of education in the native language. Through numerous public essays and pamphlets, he defended the rights of the Ukrainian language and argued for the opening of a Ukrainian university in Lviv. In political writings published in German in Prague and Vienna at the beginning of the First World War, Puluj forcefully maintained that the establishment of an independent Ukrainian state was essential for peace and stability in Europe. The article also addresses widespread inaccuracies in printed and online sources concerning the life and work of Ivan Puluj, correcting them on the basis of documentary evidence. 2025 81 94 10.37068/evu.17.6 https://evu.encyclopedia.kyiv.ua/article/1716 https://evu.encyclopedia.kyiv.ua/doi/10.37068/evu.17.6.pdf Barvinskyi, O. (mol.). (1924). Prychynok do istorii rozvytku renthenolohii. Ukrainskyi medych­nyi visnyk, 3–4, 184–188 [in Ukrainian]. Bohemia. (1896, February 18). Brockhaus Enzyklopädie. (1972). (Vol. 15, p. 259). Cox, J., & Kirkpatrick, R. C. (1896). The new photography with a case in which a bullet was photographed in the leg. Montreal Medical Journal, 24(9), 661–665. Dějiny exaktních věd v českých zemích do konce 19 stoleti. (1961). Praha. Dodatky k Ottovu slovníku naučnému. (1938). Enciclopedia Universal Europeo-Americana. (1922). (Vol. 48, p. 519). Barcelona. Encyclopedia of Ukraine. (1984). (Vol. 4, p. 278). Toronto; Buffalo; London. Franko, I. (1982). Dr. Ostap Terletskyi. In Zibrannia tvoriv (Vol. 33, p. 322). Kyiv: Naukova dumka [in Ukrainian]. Franko, I. (1984). Plan vykladiv istorii literatury rusʹkoi. In Zibrannia tvoriv (Vol. 41, p. 31). Kyiv: Naukova dumka [in Ukrainian]. Gajda, R., & Plazko, R. (2001). Johann Puluj. Rätsell des universalen Talents. Lwiw: EuroWelt. Haida, R. (1969). Vydatnyi ukrainskyi fizyk Ivan Pului. Visnyk Lvivskoho universytetu. Seriia fizychna, 5(13), 82–88 [in Ukrainian]. Haida, R. (1998). Dekilka zauvazhen z pryvodu statti “Vidkryttia viku. Pului chy Renthen?”. Ridna shkola, 1, 17–19 [in Ukrainian]. Haida, R., & Pliatsko, R. (1998). Ivan Pului. Lviv: Naukove tovarystvo im. Shevchenka [in Ukrainian]. Haida, R., & Pliatsko, R. (2019). Ivan Pului. Zhyttia i tvorchist. Lviv: Naukove tovarystvo im. Shevchenka [in Ukrainian]. Holovach, Yu., Pliatsko, R., & Svarnyk, H. (2020). Peter Pului i arkhiv Ivana Puluia. Fizychnyi zbirnyk NTSh, 10, 77–98 [in Ukrainian]. Hryvniak, Yu. (1971). Prof. d-r Ivan Pului. Vynakhidnyk prominnia “X”. London: Vydannia Soiuzu Ukraintsiv u Velykii Brytanii. L’Annunziata, M. F. (2016). Radioactivity: Introduction and History, From the Quantum to Quarks. Elsevier. Masarykův slovník naučný. (1931). (Vol. 5, p. 1097). Mayba, I., Gajda, R., Kyle, R. A., & Shampo, M. A. (1997). Ukrainian physicist contributes to the discovery of X-rays. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 72, 658–660. Nahorniak, S., & Mediukh, M. (1999). Fizyko-tekhnichni idei Ivana Puluia. Ternopil: Dzhura. Nakhlik, Ye. (2007). Panteleimon Kulish: Osobystist, pysmennyk, myslytel (Vols. 1–2). Kyiv: Naukova dumka. Österreichisches Biographisches Lexikon. (1971). (Vol. 8, p. 333). Wien. Ottův slovník naučný. (1903). (Vol. 18). Praha: J. Otto. Petryk, M. (2025). Ivan Pului u vymiri svitovoho naukovo-tekhnichnoho prohresu. Visnyk NTSh, 71, 25–28 [in Ukrainian]. Pidvalna, U., Plyatsko, R., & Lonchyna, V. (2021). Ivan Puluj and the discovery of X-rays. Proceedings of the Shevchenko Scientific Society, 64(1), 180–190. Pliatsko, R. (2023). Ivan Pului u Naukovomu tovarystvi imeni Shevchenka. Svitohliad, 103, 27–29 [in Ukrainian]. Poggendorff, J. С. (1898). Biographisch-literarisches Handwörterbuch zur Geschichte der exakten Wissenschaften (Bd. 3). Leipzig. Pului, I. (1879). Nepropashcha syla. Lviv: Naukove tovarystvo im. Shevchenka [in Ukrainian]. Pului, I. (1881). Novi i pereminni zvyizdy. Lviv: Naukove tovarystvo im. Shevchenka [in Ukrainian]. Pului, I. (1904). O ruskyi univerzytet u Lvovi. Lviv: Redaktsiia “Dila” [in Ukrainian]. Pului, I. (1905). Vidghomin na tsarskyi manifest na Ukraini. Dilo, 186, Aug. 20 [in Ukrainian]. Pului, I. (1996). Zbirnyk prats. Kyiv: Rada [in Ukrainian]. Pului, I. (2007). Lysty. Ternopil: Volia [in Ukrainian]. Puluj, J. (1880). Strahlende Elektrodenmaterie. Wiener Berichte, 81, 864–923. Puluj, J. (1883). Strahlende Elektroden-Materie und der sogenannte vierte Aggregatzustand. Wien: Karl Gerolds Sohn. Puluj, J. (1889). Radiant electrode matter and the so-called fourth state. Physical Memoirs, 1(2), 233–333. Puluj, J. (1896). Über die Entstehung der Röntgen‘schen Strahlen und ihre photographische Wirkung. Wiener Berichte, 105, 228–238. Puluj, J. (1915). Ukraina und ihre internationale politische Bedeutung. Prag; Wien: Bund zur Befreiung der Ukraina. Puluj, J., & Glaser, G. (1880). The fourth state of matter. Science, 1, 58–59. Ripetskyi, S. (1956). Ukrainske sichove striletstvo. New York: Chervona Kalyna. Röntgen, W. C. (1896). Über eine neue Art von Strahlen (Vorläufige Mitteilung). Sitzungs­berichte der Physikalisch-Medizinischen Gesellschaft Würzburg, 1895(9), 132–141. Spiegel, P. (1995). The first clinical X-ray made in America — 100 years. American Journal of Röntgenology, 164, 241–243. Studynskyi, K. (1930). Lystuvannia i zviazky P. Kulisha z Ivanom Puluem. Zbirnyk Filolohichnoi sektsii NTSh, 22(2), 84 [in Ukrainian]. Sviate pysmo Novoho zavitu. (1880). Lviv: Naukove tovarystvo im. Shevchenka [in Ukrainian]. Sviate pysmo Staroho i Novoho Zavitu. (1903). Viden: Brytanske i zahranychnie bibliine tovarystvo [in Ukrainian]. Ternopilskyi entsyklopedychnyi slovnyk. (2008). (Vol. 3, pp. 156–157). Ternopil [in Ukrainian]. The Photogram. (1896), 28, 108–108. Thomson, J. J. (1898). The Discharge of Electricity Through Gases. New York. Tsehelsʹkyi, R. (1928). Dr. Ivan Pului yak naukovyi doslidnyk. Zbirnyk Matematychno-pryrodo-pysno-likarskoi sektsii NTSh, 27, 1–25 [in Ukrainian]. Ukrainska mala entsyklopediia. (1963). (Book 11, pp. 1535–1536). Buenos-Aires [in Ukrainian]. Ukrainska radianska entsyklopediia. (1963). (Vol. 12, p. 26). Kyiv [in Ukrainian]. Ukrainska zahalna entsyklopediia. (1933). (Vol. 2, p. 1174) [in Ukrainian]. Ukrainskyi radianskyi entsyklopedychnyi slovnyk. (1987). (Vol. 3, p. 49). Kyiv [in Ukrainian]. Vlokh, O., Haida, R., & Pliatsko, R. (1989). Renthen chy Pului? Nauka i suspilstvo, 4, 18–25 [in Ukrainian]. Zbozhna, O. (2007). Uchnivski ta studentski “Hromady” — shkola vykhovannia ukrainskoi natsionalnoi elity. Ternopil: Bohdan [in Ukrainian].