batch_1778678858 20260513162738000 National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Institute of Encyclopedic Research esu@esu.com.ua National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Institute of Encyclopedic Research Entsyklopedychnyi visnyk Ukrainy [The Encyclopedia Herald of Ukraine] Entsykl. visn. Ukr. 2706-9990 2707-000X 2024 16 Oleksii Yas NASU Institute of History of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5816-2876 This article explores the evolving meanings of the terms "Cold War" and "Second/New Cold War" within contemporary socio-humanities. It argues that the ongoing Russian-Ukrainian war has introduced new cognitive challenges and issues, necessitating a rethinking of historical experience and a revival of traditional research strategies. This war has also led to a new global confrontation, with many countries indirectly involved. The term “Second Cold War” has become a prevalent descriptor for this global conflict, representing an attempt to extrapolate the bipolar confrontation of 1946–1989 to the present day. The article emphasizes that the term “Second Cold War” reflects a distinctive socio-humanitarian trend in which modern militarized realities are perceived as a “return of history” to the global and "post-historical" world. However, the term "Second/New Cold War" remains a derivative concept with vague content, generating various interpretations in different studies. The author suggests that the secondary nature of this term complicates its representation in traditional, paper-based encyclopedias and dictionaries. Given the rapid evolution of its meaning and usage, frequent updates to encyclopedia entries are necessary. 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