batch_1777716376 20260502130616000 National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Institute of Encyclopedic Research esu@esu.com.ua National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Institute of Encyclopedic Research Entsyklopedychnyi visnyk Ukrainy [The Encyclopedia Herald of Ukraine] Entsykl. visn. Ukr. 2706-9990 2707-000X 2022 14 Mykola Zhelezniak Institute of Encyclopedic Research, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (Kyiv, Ukraine) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8290-6345 Oleksandr Ishchenko Institute of Encyclopedic Research, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (Kyiv, Ukraine) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8910-111X In this article, Ukrainian encyclopedias are studied in order to show how they describe the capture of Crimea by the Russian Federation. The authors focus on terms describing the act of aggression of the RF against the Ukrainian peninsula, such as “annexation” and “occupation”. The fact is that there is still no terminological clarity among scholars, therefore, it is not easy to interpret both the events of spring 2014 and the political and legal consequences of these events. The fact is also that scholarly studies of these problems are a contribution to the formation of the policy for Ukrainian Crimea de-occupation. Results of the article show that in some encyclopedias the terms “annexation” and “occupation” are actually used interchangeably, referring to the Russian invasion of Crimea and the capture of this territories by RF. In others, differences in the meaning of these concepts are presented: the occupation of Crimea is called a violation of the territorial integrity of Ukraine by the RF; the annexation of Crimea is the illegal annexation of the occupied territories by the RF. 2022 57 66 10.37068/evu.14.6 https://evu.encyclopedia.kyiv.ua/article/100 https://evu.encyclopedia.kyiv.ua/doi/10.37068/evu.14.6.pdf 10.24144/2078-1431.2020.2(25).57-69 >Artiomov, I. (2020). Aneksiia Krymu ta yii vplyv na natsionalnu bezpeku Ukrainy [The annexation of Crimea and its impact on the national security of Ukraine].Geopolitics of Ukraine: History and Modern Times, 25, 57–69. https://doi.org/10.24144/2078-1431.2020.2(25).57-69 [in Ukrainian] >Babin, B. (2021). Zamakh na aneksiiu Krymu u vymiri suchasnoho mizhnarodnoho prava [The attempted annexation of Crimea in terms of modern international law]. In Pravova nauka i derzhavotvorennia v Ukraini u svitli suchasnykh hlobalizatsiinykh vyklykiv: istoriia, teoriia, praktyka (pp. 24–31). Mariupol [in Ukrainian]. 10.1080/13523260.2022.2099713 >Bosse, G. (2022). Values, rights, and changing interests: The EU’s response to the war against Ukraine and the responsibility to protect Europeans. Contemporary Security Policy, 43 (3), 531-546. https://doi.org/10.1080/13523260.2022.2099713 10.5305/intelegamate.53.5.0927 >Crawford, E. (2014). United Nations General Assembly Resolution on the Territorial Integrity of Ukraine. International Legal Materials, 53 (5), 927–932. https://doi.org/10.5305/intelegamate.53.5.0927 [in Ukrainian] >Dziuba, I., Zhukovskyi, A., Zhelezniak, M., et al. (Eds.). (2001). Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine (Vol. 1). Kyiv: Instytut entsyklopedychnykh doslidzhen NAN Ukrainy [in Ukrainian]. >Dziuba, I., Zhukovskyi, A., Zhelezniak, M., et al. (Eds.). (2014). Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine (Vol. 14). Kyiv: Instytut entsyklopedychnykh doslidzhen NAN Ukrainy [in Ukrainian]. >Dziuba, I., Zhukovskyi, A., Zhelezniak, M., et al. (Eds.). (2022). Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine (Vol. 24). Kyiv: Instytut entsyklopedychnykh doslidzhen NAN Ukrainy [in Ukrainian]. >Hai-Nyzhnyk, P. (2017). Rosiia proty Ukrainy (1990–2016 rr.): vid polityky shantazhu i prymusu do viiny na pohlynannia ta sproby znyshchennia [Russia vs. Ukraine (1990–2016): From a policy of blackmail and coercion to a war of absorption and attempted annihilation]. Kyiv: MP Lesia [in Ukrainian]. 10.32782/2663-6170/2022.29.21 >Horiunova, Y., & Vereshchuk, A. (2022). Occupation of Crimea by Russian Federation in political and legal discourse. Regional Studies, 29, 128–132. https://doi.org/10.32782/2663-6170/2022.29.21 [in Ukrainian] 10.30840/2413-7065.4(81).2021.248836 >Ivanets, A. (2021). On the Issue of Commemorative Practices and the Emergence of New Public Traditions in the Ukrainian Community of Crimea After the Beginning Of Russia’s Aggression in 2014–2020. Ukrainian Studies, 81 (4), 89–103. https://doi.org/10.30840/2413-7065.4(81).2021.248836 [in Ukrainian] 10.15587/2523-4153.2022.258218 >Klymenko, K. (2022). Qualification of the international legal regime of the territory of Crimea after its seizing by Russia. ScienceRise: Juridical Science, 20, 23–28. https://doi.org/10.15587/2523-4153.2022.258218 [in Ukrainian] >Loktiev, V., Andon, P., Kyrydon, A, et al. (Eds.). (2016). Great Ukrainian Encyclopedia (T. 1). Kyiv: Encyclopedia Press, 2016 [in Ukrainian]. >Marusiak, O. (2016). Aneksiia Krymu Rosiiskoi Federatsiieiu yak zlochyn ahresii proty Ukrainy: mizhnarodno-pravovi aspekty [The annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation as a crime of aggression against Ukraine: international legal aspects]. Chernivtsi: Misto [in Ukrainian]. >Shemshuchenko, Y., Denysov, V., Savchuk, K., et al. (Eds.). (2017). Encyclopedia of international law (vol. 2). Kyiv: The NASU V.M. Koretsky Institute of State and Law, Akademperiodyka, 2017 [in Ukrainian]. >Smolii, V., Boriak, H., Vermenych, Ya., et al. (Eds.). (2019). Encyclopedia of History of Ukraine (vol. Ukraine – Ukrainians, book 2). Kyiv: The NASU Institute of History of Ukraine, Naukova dumka [in Ukrainian]. >Svidzynskyi, A. (2002). Entsyklopedychni spravy v Ukraini: dosiahnennia i nevdachi [Encyclopedic practices in Ukraine: achievements and failures]. Rozbudova derzhavy, 1–4, 30–43 [in Ukrainian]. >Zadorozhnyi, O. (2015). Aneksiia Krymu – mizhnarodnyi zlochyn [The annexation of Crimea is an international crime]. Kyiv: K.I.S. [in Ukrainian] 10.5604/01.3001.0015.8483 >Zaplatynskyi, V. (2022). Russian-Ukrainian war – causes, prospects and lessons. Kultura Bezpieczeństwa, 41, 20–29. https://doi.org/­10.5604/01.3001.0015.8483 [in Polish]. 10.37068/b/6448021193617 >Železnjak M., & Iščhenko O. (2022). About annexed Crimea in online encyclopedias worldwide. In O. Novikova & U. Schweier (Eds.). ХІI. Internationale virtuelle Konfe­renz der Ukrainistik “Dialog der Sprachen – Dialog der Kulturen. Die Ukraine aus globaler Sicht” Reihe: Internationale virtuelle Konferenz der Ukrainistik(vol. 2021, pp. 481–495). München: Georg Olms Verlag, UB Ludwig-Maximilians München. https://doi.org/10.37068/b/6448021193617 [in Ukrainian]. 10.5281/zenodo.7452244 Zhelezniak, M., & Ishchenko, O. (2021). Ukrainian Crimea in Russian encyclopedias. In I. Stepanets, O. Mashevskyi, O. Kupchyk (Eds.), Crimea in the coordinates of history: Proceedings of the 2-d scientific workshop (pp. 123-130). Kyiv: Kyiv University Press. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7452244 [in Ukrainian].